基于FMEA与JACK的野外陆地救援担架创新设计
摘 要：为有效设计符合人机工程原理的陆地救援担架，降低救援人员在使用救援担架中引发骨骼肌肉损伤的风险，研究采用潜在失效模式与效应分析（FMEA）、JACK人机工程学仿真相结合的方法。首先，计算出风险优先级数（RPN），从而确定救援担架潜在失效模式的比重。然后，通过JACK仿真数据对比分析P5和P95救援人员的肌肉骨骼疲劳程度，如下背部分析（LBA）、静态强度预测（SSP）等，并制定相应的改进措施。最后，使用JACK仿真和FMEA分析验证改进设计后的救援担架。FMEA与JACK仿真结合可精准挖掘影响人机关系的关键因素，仿真数据表明，通过改进设计，救援人员的肌肉骨骼疲劳程度均得到了有效控制，且使下担架过程更加稳定。
关键词：工业设计；陆地救援担架；FMEA；JACK仿真；计算机辅助设计
中图分类号：TB472 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7053(2025)01-0144-04
Abstract：In order to effectively design a land rescue stretcher that conforms to the ergonomic principle and reduce the risk of skeletal muscle injury caused by rescue workers in the use of rescue stretchers, a method combining potential failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and JACK ergonomic simulation was adopted in this study. First, the risk priority level (RPN) is calculated to determine the proportion of potential failure modes of the rescue stretcher. Then, the musculoskeletal fatigue degree of P5 and P95 rescue workers was compared by JACK simulation data, such as back analysis (LBA), static strength prediction (SSP), etc., and corresponding improvement measures were developed. Finally, JACK simulation and FMEA analysis were used to verify the feasibility of the improved design of the rescue stretcher. The combination of FMEA and JACK simulation can accurately explore the key factors affecting the human-machine relationship. Simulation data show that through improved design, the degree of musculoskeletal fatigue of rescue personnel is effectively controlled, and the process of stretcher unloading is more stable.
Key Words：Industrial Design; Land Rescue Stretcher; Failure Mode and Effect Analysi; JACK Simulation; Computer Aided Design
