谈《天工开物》中横向因素对造物活动的影响
摘 要：宋应星重视人工与天工的平衡，立足于民生日用，大胆肯定了农工的创造力。然而,在明代农耕文化背景下，人们的生产造物活动受“天工”——自然力的影响较大，这或许也是“天工开物”一名由来的原因。本文以探讨《天工开物》中促成舟车的功能及形态的因素为出发点，从横向的角度探讨了“天工”因素中的横向空间因素对造物活动的影响，试图为古代器物造型及功能成因的研究提供一种可参考的视角，以期使今人对古代器物有更深层面理解，使今人对于古器物不仅知其然，而且也知其所以然，以便今人真正理解古器物背后所承载的文化、思维方式与自然的关系等。
关键词：天工开物；地域性；功能；造型
中图分类号：J0 文献标识码：A
文章编码：1672-7053(2018)08-0119-02
Abstract：Song yingxing attaches great importance to the balance between labor and natural work, based on people's livelihood and daily life, and boldly affirmed the creativity of agricultural workers.However, under the agricultural culture background of the Ming dynasty, people's production and creation activities were greatly influenced by the natural forces of "nature industry", which may be the reason why "nature industry opens things". This paper is to discuss the contributors of Tiangong Kaiwu to the vessel and vehicle function and form as the starting point, from the angle of the geographical horizontal space in nature factors discussed the influence of factors on the activity of creation, to the study on formation cause of the ancient implements modelling and function to provide a reference point of view, in order to make people have a deeper level of understanding about the ancient artifacts, make the present people not only to learn about artifacts, but also to know the why, so that people can really understand the artifacts behind conveys the relationship between culture and way of thinking and nature, and so on.
Key Words：Tiangong Kaiwu; regional; function; model
